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The ''Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary'' (Russian: Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона, abbr. ЭСБЕ; 35 volumes, small; 86 volumes, large) is a comprehensive multi-volume encyclopedia in Russian. It contains 121,240 articles, 7,800 images, and 235 maps. It was published in Imperial Russia in 1890–1907, as a joint venture of Leipzig and St Petersburg publishers. The articles were written by the prominent Russian scholars of the period, such as Dmitry Mendeleyev and Vladimir Solovyov. Reprints have appeared following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. == History == In 1889, the owner of one of the St. Petersburg printing houses Ilya Efron on the initiative of Professor Semyon Vengerov signed an agreement with the German publishing house F.A. Brockhaus to make Russian translation of a large encyclopaedia «Konversations-Lexikon», issued by this publishing house. To this the Brockhaus-Efron joint stock company was established. Originally they intended to translate of this publication with a more detailed account of issues related to Russia. It was supposed to release 16-18 volumes. The first 8 half-volumes were edited by Ivan Andrievsky; the rest by Konstantin Arsenyev and Fyodor Petrushevsky. The ''Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary'' contains 121,240 entries, 7800 illustrations and 235 maps. The encyclopedia came out in two versions: one had 41 main and 2 additional volumes (smaller part of the circulation); the other had 82 primary and 4 additional half-volumes. Half-volumes have double numbering: e.g., 49 and 50 (the numbers on the spine) and on the title pages are numbered XXV and XXVa. In the years 1899-1902 the ''Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary'' (МЭСБЕ) (in 3 volumes) was produced; in 1907-1909 the second edition came out in four volumes. In the years 1911-1916 there appeared the ''New Encyclopedic Dictionary'' (Новый энциклопедический словарь); 29 volumes of the planned 48 were published, up to the entry for "Отто". The National Library of Russia holds proof-copies of the 30th («Падалка» — «Пермская епархия»; incomplete, without beginning), and the 31st volumes («Пермская система» — «Познанское великое княжество»). File:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary b40 660-5.jpg|''Насекомоядные'' (Insectivora'') File:A section of hydatoda in the leaf of Primula Sinensis.png|A section of hydathode in the leaf of ''Primula sinensis'' File:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary b11 310-0.jpg|''Aponogeton madagascariensis'' File:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary b15 462-1.jpg|Coat of arms File:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary b1 298-0.jpg|''Acropolis'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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